1845 Bristol man, Henry Jones, patents self-raising flour

1845 Rubber band patented by Stephen Perry of London

1861 Italy declares independence; Kingdom of Italy proclaimed

1863 Battle of Kelly’s Ford, VA (211 casualities)

1868 Postage stamp canceling machine patent issued

1898 John Philip Holland achieves successful test runs of the first modern submarine off Staten Island

1939 Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945): The Battle of Nanchang between the Kuomintang and the Japanese breaks out.