1223 – In France, Louis VIII succeeded his father, Philip Augustus.
1430 – Joan of Arc, taken prisoner by the Burgundians in May, was handed over to Pierre Cauchon, the bishop of Beauvais.
1456 – Hungarians defeated the Ottomans at the Battle of Belgrade.
1536 – France and Portugal signed the naval treaty of Lyons, which aligned them against Spain.
1789 – French Revolution began with Parisians stormed the Bastille prison and released the seven prisoners inside.
1798 – The U.S. Congress passed the Sedition Act. The act made it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the U.S. government.
1911 – Harry N. Atwood landed an airplane on the lawn of the White House to accept an award from U.S. President William Taft.
1914 – Robert H. Goddard patented liquid rocket-fuel.
1933 – All German political parties except the Nazi Party were outlawed.
1940 – A force of German Ju-88 bombers attacked Suez, Egypt, from bases in Crete.
1945 – American battleships and cruisers bombarded the Japanese home islands for the first time.
1945 – American battleships and cruisers bombarded the Japanese home islands for the first time.
1945 – American battleships and cruisers bombarded the Japanese home islands for the first time.
1958 – The army of Iraq overthrew the monarchy.
1965 – The American space probe Mariner 4 flew by Mars, and sent back photographs of the planet.
2000 – A powerful solar flare, later named the Bastille Day event, causes a geomagnetic storm on Earth.
2002 – French President Jacques Chirac escapes an assassination attempt unscathed during Bastille Day celebrations.
2003 – In an effort to discredit U.S. Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson, who had written an article critical of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Washington Post columnist Robert Novak reveals that Wilson’s wife Valerie Plame is a CIA “operative”.
2011 – Israeli Tent Protests movement launched.
2015 – NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft became the first space mission to explore Pluto.
